Where to Go in China?
Explore Destinations & Get Inspored For Your Next Getaway
An In-Depth Overview of Gansu

Gansu, located in the north-central region of China, is a province that offers a blend of rich history, diverse landscapes, and cultural heritage. The province is characterized by vast plateau regions, mountain ranges, deserts, and rivers, and it plays a key role in China's historical Silk Road route. Gansu is also home to numerous ethnic groups and offers travelers a unique insight into China's multicultural fabric.


1. Basic Information

● Geographical Location

Gansu is situated in the north-central part of China. It is bordered by the Inner Mongolia to the north, Shaanxi to the east, Qinghai and Tibet to the south, and Xinjiang to the west. Gansu is strategically positioned as a bridge between the central plains of China and the more remote regions of the west.

● Population and Area

Gansu spans approximately 455,000 square kilometers, making it one of China’s larger provinces. The population is around 26 million, with a significant portion of people living in rural areas, particularly in the province's river valleys. The largest ethnic group in Gansu is Han Chinese, though the province also has a notable Tibetan and Hui Muslim population.

● Climate

Gansu experiences a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers, especially in the Loess Plateau. The Gobi Desert in the north can have extreme temperature fluctuations. In general, the best time to visit is in the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and suitable for exploring the province's diverse natural beauty.


2. History and Culture

● Historical Background

Gansu has a long and storied history that dates back to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BC). Over the centuries, it has been a vital cultural and commercial crossroads due to its position along the Silk Road. Many ancient Buddhist caves, temples, and historical relics can be found in Gansu, such as the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang, which are famous for their Buddhist art. The region has also been home to various ethnic groups, and its history is closely tied to the cultural exchanges that took place through the Silk Road.

● Cultural Characteristics

Gansu is rich in cultural diversity. The province is home to Hui Muslims, Tibetans, and other ethnic minorities, and these communities contribute to the province’s religious diversity and local customs. The Tibetan Buddhism practiced in the southern part of the province, particularly around Labrang Monastery, is an important aspect of Gansu's culture. The Hui Muslim population adds a distinct cultural flavor, seen in the province’s food and religious practices.

● Ethnic Diversity

In addition to the Han Chinese majority, Gansu is home to a large population of Tibetans, Hui Muslims, and Dongxiang people. This rich mix of ethnic groups has resulted in a unique cultural atmosphere, with Islamic, Buddhist, and Taoist traditions coexisting.


3. Economy and Development

● Economic Overview

Gansu is known for its agriculture, particularly in wheat and corn production. The province also produces cotton and potatoes, which are key staples for the region. Mining is an important industry in Gansu, with significant deposits of coal, iron ore, salt, and petroleum. The hydroelectric power industry also plays a vital role in the region's economy, with the Liujiaxia Dam being a notable power-generating project.

● Modern Infrastructure

Gansu’s infrastructure has developed in recent years, but the province remains less developed than coastal regions. The capital city, Lanzhou, is a significant industrial and transportation hub. It is a key node in the Gansu Railway network, which connects the region to Central China. There are also expressways connecting Gansu to neighboring provinces and regions.

● International Role

Though not a major international commercial center, Gansu's strategic location near the Silk Road makes it a historically important region for trade and cultural exchanges. It is part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to revive the ancient trade route linking China with Central Asia and Europe.


4. Tourism Highlights

● Main Attractions

○ Mogao Caves (Dunhuang): One of China’s greatest treasures, these caves are home to hundreds of Buddhist statues and paintings dating back over a thousand years.

○ Labrang Monastery: A famous Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in the city of Xiahe, Gansu, it is a popular pilgrimage site for Tibetan Buddhists.

○ Zhangye Danxia Landform: Known for its colorful mountains, the Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park is a natural wonder that draws travelers with its vibrant red and orange landscape.

○ Qilian Mountains: A picturesque mountain range on the border of Gansu and Qinghai, offering great opportunities for hiking, nature photography, and exploring grassland pastures.

○ Lanzhou: The capital of Gansu, famous for the Yellow River, Lanzhou Beef Noodles, and the Bingling Temple, home to ancient Buddhist statues and grottoes.

● Local Cuisine

Gansu’s cuisine is influenced by Tibetan, Hui, and Shaanxi culinary traditions. Signature dishes include Lanzhou Beef Noodles (Lamian), Hand-Pulled Noodles, Hui-style lamb kebabs, and Tibetan yak meat dishes. The province is also known for its flatbreads and dumplings.

● Recommended Experiences

○ Visit the Mogao Caves to explore ancient Buddhist art and learn about the region's cultural heritage.

○ Hike in the Qilian Mountains for stunning views and a taste of rural life.

○ Explore the vibrant markets of Lanzhou and try the famous Lanzhou Beef Noodles.


5. Transportation and Accessibility

● International Transportation

Gansu is accessible by air through Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport, which connects to major cities across China. While the province is not a major international destination, it is part of China’s growing high-speed rail network. The Gansu Railway connects the region with other parts of China, especially to cities like Xi’an and Beijing.

● Urban and Regional Transportation

The capital city of Lanzhou has an expanding metro system, along with buses and taxis for urban travel. Travel between Gansu’s cities can be done by long-distance buses, trains, and highways. For more remote areas, tours or private vehicles are recommended.

● Travel Convenience

Though Gansu is a less developed province compared to China’s coastal regions, Mandarin is widely spoken, and public transportation is generally reliable. However, it is advisable to have a guide or translation app when traveling to rural areas where English may not be widely understood.


6. Unique Highlights

● Silk Road Legacy

Gansu is an important historical region along the Silk Road, where trade, culture, and religion from the East and West converged. Sites like the Mogao Caves and Dunhuang have preserved ancient relics from this cultural exchange.

● Diverse Landscapes

From the deserts of Dunhuang to the green valleys of the Qilian Mountains, Gansu offers a range of landscapes that appeal to nature lovers, hikers, and adventurers.

● Ethnic and Religious Diversity

Gansu’s population is made up of diverse ethnic groups, and this diversity is reflected in the province’s religious practices, festivals, and cuisine.


7. Practical Information

● Travel Tips

When traveling to Gansu, bring layers of clothing due to the significant temperature fluctuations, especially if you are exploring the desert or mountainous areas. Be prepared for long travel distances between major attractions.

● Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit is in spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and ideal for exploring the region's natural beauty.

● Language and Communication

Mandarin is the official language, but local dialects may also be spoken in more rural areas. English is not widely spoken in many parts of Gansu, so having a guide or using a translation app is recommended.


Gansu is a region that embodies China’s historic and geographic diversity, offering something for every kind of traveler. Whether you're exploring ancient Buddhist art, marveling at geological wonders, or immersing yourself in the local cultures, Gansu promises an enriching and unforgettable travel experience. The blend of natural landscapes, historical significance, and ethnic diversity make Gansu a destination that should not be overlooked by anyone seeking to explore the heart of China.



An In-Depth Overview of Gansu

Gansu, located in the north-central region of China, is a province that offers a blend of rich history, diverse landscapes, and cultural heritage. The province is characterized by vast plateau regions, mountain ranges, deserts, and rivers, and it plays a key role in China's historical Silk Road route. Gansu is also home to numerous ethnic groups and offers travelers a unique insight into China's multicultural fabric.


1. Basic Information

● Geographical Location

Gansu is situated in the north-central part of China. It is bordered by the Inner Mongolia to the north, Shaanxi to the east, Qinghai and Tibet to the south, and Xinjiang to the west. Gansu is strategically positioned as a bridge between the central plains of China and the more remote regions of the west.

● Population and Area

Gansu spans approximately 455,000 square kilometers, making it one of China’s larger provinces. The population is around 26 million, with a significant portion of people living in rural areas, particularly in the province's river valleys. The largest ethnic group in Gansu is Han Chinese, though the province also has a notable Tibetan and Hui Muslim population.

● Climate

Gansu experiences a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers, especially in the Loess Plateau. The Gobi Desert in the north can have extreme temperature fluctuations. In general, the best time to visit is in the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and suitable for exploring the province's diverse natural beauty.


2. History and Culture

● Historical Background

Gansu has a long and storied history that dates back to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BC). Over the centuries, it has been a vital cultural and commercial crossroads due to its position along the Silk Road. Many ancient Buddhist caves, temples, and historical relics can be found in Gansu, such as the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang, which are famous for their Buddhist art. The region has also been home to various ethnic groups, and its history is closely tied to the cultural exchanges that took place through the Silk Road.

● Cultural Characteristics

Gansu is rich in cultural diversity. The province is home to Hui Muslims, Tibetans, and other ethnic minorities, and these communities contribute to the province’s religious diversity and local customs. The Tibetan Buddhism practiced in the southern part of the province, particularly around Labrang Monastery, is an important aspect of Gansu's culture. The Hui Muslim population adds a distinct cultural flavor, seen in the province’s food and religious practices.

● Ethnic Diversity

In addition to the Han Chinese majority, Gansu is home to a large population of Tibetans, Hui Muslims, and Dongxiang people. This rich mix of ethnic groups has resulted in a unique cultural atmosphere, with Islamic, Buddhist, and Taoist traditions coexisting.


3. Economy and Development

● Economic Overview

Gansu is known for its agriculture, particularly in wheat and corn production. The province also produces cotton and potatoes, which are key staples for the region. Mining is an important industry in Gansu, with significant deposits of coal, iron ore, salt, and petroleum. The hydroelectric power industry also plays a vital role in the region's economy, with the Liujiaxia Dam being a notable power-generating project.

● Modern Infrastructure

Gansu’s infrastructure has developed in recent years, but the province remains less developed than coastal regions. The capital city, Lanzhou, is a significant industrial and transportation hub. It is a key node in the Gansu Railway network, which connects the region to Central China. There are also expressways connecting Gansu to neighboring provinces and regions.

● International Role

Though not a major international commercial center, Gansu's strategic location near the Silk Road makes it a historically important region for trade and cultural exchanges. It is part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to revive the ancient trade route linking China with Central Asia and Europe.


4. Tourism Highlights

● Main Attractions

○ Mogao Caves (Dunhuang): One of China’s greatest treasures, these caves are home to hundreds of Buddhist statues and paintings dating back over a thousand years.

○ Labrang Monastery: A famous Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in the city of Xiahe, Gansu, it is a popular pilgrimage site for Tibetan Buddhists.

○ Zhangye Danxia Landform: Known for its colorful mountains, the Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park is a natural wonder that draws travelers with its vibrant red and orange landscape.

○ Qilian Mountains: A picturesque mountain range on the border of Gansu and Qinghai, offering great opportunities for hiking, nature photography, and exploring grassland pastures.

○ Lanzhou: The capital of Gansu, famous for the Yellow River, Lanzhou Beef Noodles, and the Bingling Temple, home to ancient Buddhist statues and grottoes.

● Local Cuisine

Gansu’s cuisine is influenced by Tibetan, Hui, and Shaanxi culinary traditions. Signature dishes include Lanzhou Beef Noodles (Lamian), Hand-Pulled Noodles, Hui-style lamb kebabs, and Tibetan yak meat dishes. The province is also known for its flatbreads and dumplings.

● Recommended Experiences

○ Visit the Mogao Caves to explore ancient Buddhist art and learn about the region's cultural heritage.

○ Hike in the Qilian Mountains for stunning views and a taste of rural life.

○ Explore the vibrant markets of Lanzhou and try the famous Lanzhou Beef Noodles.


5. Transportation and Accessibility

● International Transportation

Gansu is accessible by air through Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport, which connects to major cities across China. While the province is not a major international destination, it is part of China’s growing high-speed rail network. The Gansu Railway connects the region with other parts of China, especially to cities like Xi’an and Beijing.

● Urban and Regional Transportation

The capital city of Lanzhou has an expanding metro system, along with buses and taxis for urban travel. Travel between Gansu’s cities can be done by long-distance buses, trains, and highways. For more remote areas, tours or private vehicles are recommended.

● Travel Convenience

Though Gansu is a less developed province compared to China’s coastal regions, Mandarin is widely spoken, and public transportation is generally reliable. However, it is advisable to have a guide or translation app when traveling to rural areas where English may not be widely understood.


6. Unique Highlights

● Silk Road Legacy

Gansu is an important historical region along the Silk Road, where trade, culture, and religion from the East and West converged. Sites like the Mogao Caves and Dunhuang have preserved ancient relics from this cultural exchange.

● Diverse Landscapes

From the deserts of Dunhuang to the green valleys of the Qilian Mountains, Gansu offers a range of landscapes that appeal to nature lovers, hikers, and adventurers.

● Ethnic and Religious Diversity

Gansu’s population is made up of diverse ethnic groups, and this diversity is reflected in the province’s religious practices, festivals, and cuisine.


7. Practical Information

● Travel Tips

When traveling to Gansu, bring layers of clothing due to the significant temperature fluctuations, especially if you are exploring the desert or mountainous areas. Be prepared for long travel distances between major attractions.

● Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit is in spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) when the weather is mild and ideal for exploring the region's natural beauty.

● Language and Communication

Mandarin is the official language, but local dialects may also be spoken in more rural areas. English is not widely spoken in many parts of Gansu, so having a guide or using a translation app is recommended.


Gansu is a region that embodies China’s historic and geographic diversity, offering something for every kind of traveler. Whether you're exploring ancient Buddhist art, marveling at geological wonders, or immersing yourself in the local cultures, Gansu promises an enriching and unforgettable travel experience. The blend of natural landscapes, historical significance, and ethnic diversity make Gansu a destination that should not be overlooked by anyone seeking to explore the heart of China.